Nine Cards with Satires on Papal Infallibility

This Dutch engraved broadsheet uses nine sequential scenes to mock Catholic doctrine and papal authority. Each panel—numbered and marked with hearts—depicts clergy, laypeople, and supernatural figures in comic situations: a bishop blessing children, cherubs descending from clouds, crowds venerating relics, and ecclesiastical processions. The crude etching style and layered compositions echo the German *Bilderbogen* tradition of moral instruction through visual narrative. Produced during rising Protestant-Catholic tensions in the Dutch Golden Age, this print belongs to the long European satire lineage—from Reformation woodcuts through Hogarth's moral sequences—that ridicules religious authority through exaggeration and staged absurdity. Text blocks below each scene supply polemical context. The work represents an early phase of print satire that would evolve into 18th-century caricature and eventually the comic strip format.