Natuurlijke Spiegel van Oorlog en Vrede (Natural Mirror of War and Peace)

This Dutch engraved broadsheet presents ten scenes depicting the contrasts between warfare and peace, arranged in two rows. Each scene shows specific consequences—violence, famine, destruction under war; prosperity, order, and piety under peace. The print employs serial narrative, a technique central to European satirical traditions from Hogarth onward, where sequential images convey moral argument through visual comparison. Rendered in fine-line engraving, the composition exemplifies the *Bilderbogen* or picture-sheet format that would influence subsequent comics and sequential art. Below each scene, Dutch text provides commentary, making this an early example of word-and-image satire addressing political audiences. Published during the Treaty of Utrecht negotiations, the print advocates for peaceful settlement while depicting the era's social hierarchies and religious frameworks without irony.