Citadel, from Wharf, Quebec

Architectural sketch by American designer Arnold William Brunner, capturing the fortified citadel at Quebec City from a waterfront vantage point. The drawing employs pen and ink with selective watercolor wash to articulate the hilltop fortifications, their geometric bastions and vertical structures rendered in Brunner's precise hand. The composition uses parallel hatching to suggest terrain and shadow, establishing spatial recession from foreground wharf structures to the elevated military installation beyond. Brunner (1857–1925), known for institutional and ecclesiastical design, traveled extensively to study historic architecture. This sketch exemplifies the architect's practice of on-site observation and rapid documentation—a method foundational to design practice in the late nineteenth century.