Sketch in Bourges

Architectural sketch by American architect Arnold William Brunner, executed during European travel. The drawing depicts a medieval tower with conical roof and attached structures in Bourges, France, rendered in pen with careful attention to proportion and detail. The figure in the foreground provides scale. Such travel sketches were common practice among architects of the period, serving as reference material for design work and as documentation of historical buildings. Brunner's rendering demonstrates the observational techniques and classical training that characterized late nineteenth-century architectural practice.